1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74404397440042
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Smithson Tennant
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C3,045.00 °C
27
3410
6.5 Boiling Point
765.00 °C5,027.00 °C
147
5660
6.7 Appearance
6.7.1 Physical State
6.7.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
6.7.3 Luster
6.8 Hardness
6.8.1 Mohs Hardness
6.10.4 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.10.6 Vickers Hardness
6.12 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
6.14 Optical Properties
6.14.1 Refractive Index
7.2.4 Reflectivity
8.3 Allotropes
8.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.1.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.2.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.2.4 Allen Electronegativity
10.5 Electropositivity
10.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.7 Ionization Energies
10.7.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.8.5 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.9.2 4th Energy Level
10.9.4 5th Energy Level
10.10.4 6th Energy Level
11.2.2 7th Energy level
11.2.4 8th Energy Level
11.3.2 9th Energy Level
11.3.5 10th Energy Level
11.3.8 11th Energy Level
11.3.11 12th Energy Level
11.3.14 13th Energy Level
11.4.3 14th Energy Level
11.5.4 15th Energy Level
11.5.8 16th Energy Level
11.5.11 17th Energy Level
11.5.14 18th Energy Level
11.5.18 19th Energy Level
11.5.23 20th Energy Level
11.5.27 21st Energy Level
11.5.30 22nd Energy Level
11.5.34 23rd Energy Level
11.5.38 24th Energy Level
11.5.42 25th Energy Level
11.6.2 26th Energy Level
11.7.2 27th Energy Level
12.1.3 28th Energy Level
12.4.3 29th Energy Level
12.4.7 30th Energy Level
12.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.7 Electron Work Function
12.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.6 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
13.7 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
13.7.1 Crystal Lattice
13.8 Atom
13.8.1 Number of Protons
15.1.2 Number of Neutrons
15.5.1 Number of Electrons
15.8 Radius of an Atom
15.8.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm133.80 pm
112
265
15.8.3 Covalent Radius
15.10.2 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm216.00 pm
139
348
15.11 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu190.23 amu
6.94
294
15.13 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
15.15 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
15.15.1 Previous Element
15.15.2 Next Element
15.16 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
15.20 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm273.44 pm
228.58
891.25
16.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
16.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
18.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa1,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
18.3 Viscosity
18.4 Vapor Pressure
18.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.3 Elasticity properties
19.3.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa222.00 GPa
1.3
222
19.5.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa462.00 GPa
1.6
462
19.6.1 Young's Modulus
19.9 Poisson Ratio
19.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
20 Magnetic
20.1 Magnetic Characteristics
20.1.1 Specific Gravity
20.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
20.2.3 Permeability
20.2.5 Susceptibility
20.4 Electrical Properties
20.4.1 Electrical Property
20.4.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.2.3 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.5 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.8 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
3.5 Critical Temperature
4.2 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
4.4 Enthalpy
4.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
4.5.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
4.5.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
5.4 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1