Symbol
Zr
V
Group Number
45
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
54
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74406777440622
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1789
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.01 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.02 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C1,890.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C3,380.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.006.70
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa600.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa628.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.152.05
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %61.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Zr
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2422
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.331.63
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.901.39
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.45
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.331.63
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.321.53
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.672.37
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol4,507.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol6,298.70 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol12,363.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol14,530.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol16,730.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol19,860.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol22,240.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol24,670.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol29,730.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol32,446.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol86,450.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol94,170.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol102,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol112,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol121,600.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol130,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol143,400.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol151,440.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol650.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV4.30 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
4023
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
4023
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
5128
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
4023
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm134.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm153.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu50.94 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm303.00 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.70
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa800.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.23 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa47.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa160.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa128.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.340.37
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.515.96
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K2,183.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻