Symbol
Cd
Group Number
12
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440439
Rank: 42 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 46 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
320.90 °C
Rank: 68 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
765.00 °C
Rank: 75 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.00
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
90.00 MPa
Rank: 64 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
Rank: 56 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.71
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
67.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.69
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.52
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.31
Rank: 37 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 82 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
4,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 83 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
8,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
8,640.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
8,650.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
86,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
865.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
8,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
864.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
864.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
Rank: 29 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
48
Rank: 64 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
48
Rank: 63 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
64
Rank: 47 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
48
Rank: 63 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
Rank: 58 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
297.94 pm
Rank: 67 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
Rank: 52 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa
Rank: 45 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.30
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.65
Rank: 52 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 10 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 24 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
Rank: 40 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
594.00 K
Rank: 69 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 10 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 68 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 38 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻