1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.3 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.12 Block
1.13 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.14 CAS Number
744043953850354
7429905
54386242
1.17 Space Group Name
1.18 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
- In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
3.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.8 Abundance In Oceans
6.1.3 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
8.1.1 Medical Uses
8.1.2 Other Uses
8.2 Biological Properties
8.2.2 Toxicity
8.3.2 Present in Human Body
8.3.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
9.2.5 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
10 Physical
10.1 Melting Point
12.3 Boiling Point
13.3 Appearance
13.3.1 Physical State
13.3.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Unknown
13.3.3 Luster
13.4 Hardness
13.4.1 Mohs Hardness
13.9.3 Brinell Hardness
13.9.8 Vickers Hardness
13.11 Speed of Sound
13.15 Optical Properties
13.15.1 Refractive Index
13.15.3 Reflectivity
13.17 Allotropes
13.17.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.17.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.17.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
16.3 Electronegativity
16.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
16.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
16.5.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
16.5.10 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
16.5.16 Allen Electronegativity
16.8 Electropositivity
16.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.10 Ionization Energies
16.10.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
16.11.3 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
16.11.10 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
16.11.17 4th Energy Level
NA3,298.80 kJ/mol
2780
37066
16.11.24 5th Energy Level
NA4,305.20 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
16.11.28 6th Energy Level
16.12.2 7th Energy level
17.1.1 8th Energy Level
17.1.4 9th Energy Level
17.4.5 10th Energy Level
17.4.11 11th Energy Level
17.4.16 12th Energy Level
17.5.5 13th Energy Level
17.5.9 14th Energy Level
17.6.2 15th Energy Level
17.6.5 16th Energy Level
17.7.2 17th Energy Level
17.7.5 18th Energy Level
17.10.1 19th Energy Level
17.11.2 20th Energy Level
17.12.1 21st Energy Level
17.14.1 22nd Energy Level
18.1.2 23rd Energy Level
19.1.3 24th Energy Level
19.4.2 25th Energy Level
19.4.4 26th Energy Level
19.4.7 27th Energy Level
19.4.11 28th Energy Level
19.5.2 29th Energy Level
19.5.3 30th Energy Level
19.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
19.10 Electron Work Function
19.13 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
20 Atomic
20.1 Atomic Number
20.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
20.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
20.4.1 Crystal Lattice
20.5 Atom
20.5.1 Number of Protons
21.1.1 Number of Neutrons
21.5.1 Number of Electrons
21.9 Radius of an Atom
21.9.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
22.1.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm149.00 pm
96
260
22.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
22.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu268.00 amu
6.94
294
23.3 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
23.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
23.5.1 Previous Element
23.5.2 Next Element
23.6 Valence Electron Potential
23.8 Lattice Constant
297.94 pmNA
228.58
891.25
23.9 Lattice Angles
23.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
24 Mechanical
24.1 Density
24.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm329.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
25.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
25.8 Tensile Strength
26.3 Viscosity
26.5 Vapor Pressure
26.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
26.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
26.9 Elasticity properties
26.9.1 Shear Modulus
26.11.3 Bulk Modulus
26.13.2 Young's Modulus
27.2 Poisson Ratio
27.3 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
28 Magnetic
28.1 Magnetic Characteristics
28.1.1 Specific Gravity
28.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
28.1.4 Permeability
28.3.1 Susceptibility
29.2 Electrical Properties
29.2.1 Electrical Property
29.2.2 Resistivity
29.2.7 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
29.3.4 Electron Affinity
31 Thermal
31.1 Specific Heat
31.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
32.3 Thermal Conductivity
32.5 Critical Temperature
32.8 Thermal Expansion
32.11 Enthalpy
32.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
32.13.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
32.14.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
32.15 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1