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Cadmium
Cadmium

Dubnium
Dubnium



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Dubnium

Cadmium Dubnium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
Db
1.2 Group Number
125
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
57
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744043953850354
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In 1968
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.9 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.11 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.5 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
320.90 °CNA
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
765.00 °CNA
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.00NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.4 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.7 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.3 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.8 Allotropes
4.8.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.8.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
Db
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3410
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.4 Electronegativity
5.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.69NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
6.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
6.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46NA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
6.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
6.4.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.52NA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.31NA
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
6.7 Ionization Energies
6.7.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
6.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
6.7.5 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
6.8.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,298.80 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
6.9.1 5th Energy Level
NA4,305.20 kJ/mol
Tin
4305.2 97510
6.9.2 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
6.11.1 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
6.12.1 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
6.12.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
7.1.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
7.1.3 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
7.1.5 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
7.2.1 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
7.3.1 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
7.4.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
7.4.4 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
7.5.2 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
7.5.4 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
7.5.5 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
7.5.7 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
7.6.1 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
7.6.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.1.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.1.5 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.1.6 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.1.8 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.2.3 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.2.4 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.2.6 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.2.7 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
9.2 Electron Work Function
4.22 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
9.4 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
48105
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
48105
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
64157
Lithium Metal
4 184
10.7.1 Number of Electrons
48105
Lithium Metal
3 117
10.9 Radius of an Atom
10.9.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm139.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
10.9.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm149.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
10.9.4 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
10.10 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu268.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
10.12 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
10.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.13.1 Previous Element
10.13.2 Next Element
10.14 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
10.15 Lattice Constant
297.94 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
10.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
10.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm329.30 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
11.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
11.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
0.30NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.65NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
12.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
12.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
13.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
13.5 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1