1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.5 CAS Number
74404397440359
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.8.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.9.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.10.3 Abundance In Humans
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
7.1.2 Medical Uses
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
7.2.3 Present in Human Body
7.2.4 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
8.2.4 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
10 Physical
10.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C994.00 °C
27
3410
11.2 Boiling Point
765.00 °C2,607.00 °C
147
5660
11.4 Appearance
11.4.1 Physical State
11.4.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
11.4.3 Luster
11.5 Hardness
11.6.1 Mohs Hardness
11.8.3 Brinell Hardness
12.2.4 Vickers Hardness
12.3 Speed of Sound
12.5 Optical Properties
12.5.1 Refractive Index
13.2.1 Reflectivity
13.3 Allotropes
13.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.3.1 Known Isotopes
14.7 Electronegativity
14.7.2 Pauling Electronegativity
16.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
16.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
16.6.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
16.6.7 Allen Electronegativity
16.8 Electropositivity
16.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
16.11 Ionization Energies
16.11.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
17.2.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,158.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
17.3.2 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,132.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
17.4.2 4th Energy Level
NA3,493.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
17.5.2 5th Energy Level
17.5.5 6th Energy Level
17.5.7 7th Energy level
17.5.10 8th Energy Level
17.5.13 9th Energy Level
17.5.14 10th Energy Level
17.5.18 11th Energy Level
17.6.2 12th Energy Level
17.7.2 13th Energy Level
17.7.5 14th Energy Level
17.7.9 15th Energy Level
17.7.10 16th Energy Level
17.7.14 17th Energy Level
17.7.15 18th Energy Level
17.7.18 19th Energy Level
17.7.21 20th Energy Level
17.7.22 21st Energy Level
17.7.24 22nd Energy Level
17.7.27 23rd Energy Level
17.7.28 24th Energy Level
17.7.30 25th Energy Level
17.7.33 26th Energy Level
17.7.35 27th Energy Level
17.7.36 28th Energy Level
17.7.39 29th Energy Level
17.7.41 30th Energy Level
17.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr3.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
17.9 Electron Work Function
17.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
18 Atomic
18.1 Atomic Number
18.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
18.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
18.3.1 Crystal Lattice
18.4 Atom
18.4.1 Number of Protons
18.4.4 Number of Neutrons
18.4.9 Number of Electrons
18.5 Radius of an Atom
18.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm173.00 pm
112
265
18.5.3 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm180.00 pm
96
260
18.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm244.00 pm
139
348
18.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu243.00 amu
6.94
294
18.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol17.86 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
18.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.8.1 Previous Element
18.8.2 Next Element
18.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)44.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
18.10 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm346.81 pm
228.58
891.25
18.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
18.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
19.1.6 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.2 Tensile Strength
19.4 Viscosity
19.5 Vapor Pressure
19.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.7 Elasticity properties
19.7.1 Shear Modulus
20.1.3 Bulk Modulus
20.5.2 Young's Modulus
20.6 Poisson Ratio
20.8 Other Mechanical Properties
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
21.1.5 Permeability
21.1.6 Susceptibility
22.3 Electrical Properties
22.3.1 Electrical Property
22.3.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m0.69 nΩ·m
0.18
961
22.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
22.7.2 Electron Affinity
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.11 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
23.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K62.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
23.5 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
24.2 Critical Temperature
24.4 Thermal Expansion
24.5 Enthalpy
24.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
25.2.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol14.39 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
25.2.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol268.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
25.3 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1