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Chromium
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Cr Element
Chromium Metal Chromium Electron Configuration Chromium Crystal Structure
Chromium
Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cr
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
▼
6
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Gadolinium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.3 Period Number
Uranium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium Met..
⊕
▶
▼
7440473
Rank: 39 (Overall)▶
▲
Aluminium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1.5 * 10-3 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
~0.002 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.30 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.01 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)▶
▲
Radium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Protactinium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Radium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔ ✘
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.33 p.p.m.
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1,857.00 °C
Rank: 14 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
2,672.00 °C
Rank: 39 (Overall)▶
▲
Flerovium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
8.50
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
687.00 MPa
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1,060.00 MPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)▶
▲
Palladium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
5,940.00 m/s
Rank: 5 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.7 Allotropes
✔ ✘
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
21
Rank: 18 (Overall)▶
▲
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1.66
Rank: 18 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1.66
Rank: 14 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1.56
Rank: 10 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
1.65
Rank: 19 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
2.34
Rank: 36 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Ruthenium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Osmium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Thorium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Dubnium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Seaborgium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Bohrium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Hassium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Strontium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese Metal
⊕
▶
▼
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)▶
▲
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Cobalt Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt Metal
⊕
▶
▼
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Nickel Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel Metal
⊕
▶
▼
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)▶
▲
Copper Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc Metal
⊕
▶
▼
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc Metal
⊕
▶
▼
157,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper Metal
⊕
▶
▼
166,090.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum Metal
⊕
▶
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.32 g/amp-hr
Rank: 73 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
4.50 eV
Rank: 14 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
▼
24
Rank: 82 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
▼
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
28
Rank: 61 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
▼
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
128.00 pm
Rank: 46 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine Metal
⊕
▶
▼
52.00 amu
Rank: 76 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
7.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum Metal
⊕
▶
▼
170.00 (-eV)
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese Metal
⊕
▶
▼
291.00 pm
Rank: 62 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
7.19 g/cm3
Rank: 58 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
6.30 g/cm3
Rank: 40 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
689.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Indium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.3 Viscosity
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Cerium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
774.00 (Pa)
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
115.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)▶
▲
Potassium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
160.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
279.00 GPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.21
Rank: 32 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt Metal
⊕
▶
▼
7.19
Rank: 46 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
NA
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
▼
125.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 27 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.08 106/cm Ω
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold Metal
⊕
▶
▼
64.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
0.45 J/(kg K)
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Americium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
23.35 J/mol·K
Rank: 55 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver Metal
⊕
▶
▼
93.90 W/m·K
Rank: 17 (Overall)▶
▲
Neptunium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Ytterbium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
▼
4.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 57 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
348.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
15.31 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten Metal
⊕
▶
▼
397.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium Me..
⊕
▶
▼
23.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 57 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium Metal
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

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Cobalt vs Molybdenum

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