Symbol
Cr
Group Number
6
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440473
Rank: 39 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C
Rank: 14 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
8.50
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s
Rank: 8 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.97
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.66
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.66
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.34
Rank: 36 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr
Rank: 77 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV
Rank: 19 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
24
Rank: 82 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
28
Rank: 62 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu
Rank: 76 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm
Rank: 69 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3
Rank: 63 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3
Rank: 69 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 23 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.21
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.19
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 10 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K
Rank: 65 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K
Rank: 24 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 72 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 74 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻