1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cr
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
7440473
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
11
229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.5 * 10-3 %
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.002 %
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
1E-13
1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
3.2.3 In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.
Rank: 21 (Overall) ▶
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,857.00 °C
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s
Rank: 5 (Overall) ▶
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58
97
4.7 Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.66
Rank: 18 (Overall) ▶
0.7
2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.66
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.56
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
0.86
1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.65
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.34
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
1.46
3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall) ▶
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall) ▶
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall) ▶
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall) ▶
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall) ▶
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121900
121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
127700
127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
133800
133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
139800
139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
148100
148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
154500
154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr
Rank: 73 (Overall) ▶
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.50 eV
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
2.14
5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall) ▶
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
52.00 amu
Rank: 76 (Overall) ▶
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall) ▶
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)
Rank: 4 (Overall) ▶
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
291.00 pm
Rank: 62 (Overall) ▶
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.567
1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm3
Rank: 58 (Overall) ▶
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm3
Rank: 40 (Overall) ▶
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall) ▶
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.21
Rank: 32 (Overall) ▶
0.032
0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.19
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
NA
8.2.2 Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
Rank: 25 (Overall) ▶
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K
Rank: 55 (Overall) ▶
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K
Rank: 17 (Overall) ▶
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26.3
3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 57 (Overall) ▶
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall) ▶
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall) ▶
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall) ▶
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 57 (Overall) ▶
9.5
198.1