Mercury

Potassium

Mercury vs Potassium

Mercury

Potassium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

121

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

Alkali

1.6 CAS Number

74399767440097

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

R_ 3m

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

166.00229.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.

A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.

Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.

In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Ancient Chinese and Indians

Humphry Davy

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 2000 BCE

In 1807

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.07 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.05 %1.50 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.04 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.20 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.

Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-31,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.45 p.p.m.2,100.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

NA63.65 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

356.58 °C774.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Liquid

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Silvery Gray

4.3.3 Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NA0.40

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA0.36 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NANA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

1,451.40 m/s2,000.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

1.00NA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %NA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3420

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.000.82

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.200.45

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.440.91

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.810.73

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.440.73

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.003.18

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

1,007.10 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,810.00 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,300.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA5,877.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA7,975.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA9,590.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA11,343.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA14,944.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA16,963.70 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA48,610.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA54,490.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA60,730.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA68,950.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA75,900.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA83,080.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA93,400.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA99,710.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.74 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.49 eV2.30 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

8019

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²

[Ar] 4s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

8019

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

12120

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

8019

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

151.00 pm227.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

132.00 pm203.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

155.00 pm275.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

200.59 amu39.10 amu

6.94 294

1.1 Atomic Volume

14.82 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

1.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

1.4.1 Previous Element

1.4.2 Next Element

1.5 Valence Electron Potential

28.20 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)

8 392.42

1.10 Lattice Constant

300.50 pm532.80 pm

228.58 891.25

1.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

1.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

2 Mechanical

2.1 Density

2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

13.53 g/cm³0.86 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA0.83 g/cm3

0.512 20

3.5 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

3.6 Viscosity

0.00NA

0.001526 0.001526

3.7 Vapor Pressure

3.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

3.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

3.8 Elasticity properties

3.8.1 Shear Modulus

NA1.30 GPa

1.3 222

3.8.3 Bulk Modulus

NA3.10 GPa

1.6 462

4.2.4 Young's Modulus

NA3.53 GPa

1.7 528

5.2 Poisson Ratio

NANA

0.032 0.47

5.3 Other Mechanical Properties

6 Magnetic

6.1 Magnetic Characteristics

6.1.1 Specific Gravity

13.530.86

0.53 4500

6.2.1 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

6.2.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

6.4.2 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

6.5 Electrical Properties

6.5.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

6.5.2 Resistivity

961.00 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m

0.18 961

6.5.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.14 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

6.5.6 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol

0 222.8

7 Thermal

7.1 Specific Heat

0.14 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

7.3 Molar Heat Capacity

27.98 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

7.4 Thermal Conductivity

8.30 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K

6.3 429

8.3 Critical Temperature

1,750.00 K2,223.00 K

26.3 3223

8.5 Thermal Expansion

60.40 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

8.6 Enthalpy

8.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

56.90 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

8.6.4 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.29 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

8.6.6 Enthalpy of Atomization

61.50 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol

61.5 837

8.8 Standard Molar Entropy

75.80 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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