Symbol
Ga
Group Number
13
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440553
Rank: 32 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Cmca
Space Group Number
64.00
Rank: 12 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
68% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
29.78 °C
Rank: 79 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
111.00 MPa
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
Rank: 45 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.81
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
36.00 %
Rank: 33 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
12% - Post Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
Rank: 40 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 68 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,780.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,780.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 85 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
57,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
5,787.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 71 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 70 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
Rank: 65 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
Rank: 30 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
31
Rank: 76 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
31
Rank: 75 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
39
Rank: 58 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
31
Rank: 75 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
Rank: 70 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.30
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
Rank: 72 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
Rank: 71 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
41.00 MPa
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 23 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.20 GPa
Rank: 57 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
37.30 GPa
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
Rank: 68 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.47
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
Rank: 70 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 11 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
Rank: 44 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
302.00 K
Rank: 76 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 26 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 53 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻