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Polonium
Polonium

Nihonium
Nihonium



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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Po
Nh
1.2 Group Number
1613
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
67
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
p block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Post-​Transition
Probably Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744008654084707
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
221.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1898
In 2003
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NANA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NANA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NANA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  • Currently known uses of Ununtrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
254.00 °C430.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
962.00 °C1,130.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Po
Nh
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
297
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.00NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
2.19NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.00NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol704.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
NA2,238.50 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
NA3,023.30 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA4,351.50 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,692.60 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
84113
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Not Known
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
84113
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
125150
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
84113
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
168.00 pmNA
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
140.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
209.00 amu286.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
NANA
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
335.90 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm316.00 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.32NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Unknown
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NANA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1