1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402797440655
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Johan Gadolin
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %7 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.6.4 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.5 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C1,523.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C3,337.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.5 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1.3 Electronegativity
1.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.8.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
2.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.6.4 Allen Electronegativity
3.5 Electropositivity
3.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.6 Ionization Energies
3.6.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
3.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
4.2.4 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.1.1 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.2.1 5th Energy Level
NA7,430.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.4.2 6th Energy Level
NA8,970.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.4.5 7th Energy level
NA11,190.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.2.4 8th Energy Level
NA12,450.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.3.1 9th Energy Level
NA14,110.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.1.1 10th Energy Level
NA18,400.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.2.3 11th Energy Level
NA19,900.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.2.2 12th Energy Level
NA36,090.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.5.3 13th Energy Level
8.5.7 14th Energy Level
8.5.11 15th Energy Level
8.6.1 16th Energy Level
8.10.4 17th Energy Level
9.3.3 18th Energy Level
9.5.2 19th Energy Level
9.6.2 20th Energy Level
9.6.6 21st Energy Level
9.6.8 22nd Energy Level
9.7.2 23rd Energy Level
9.8.4 24th Energy Level
9.8.6 25th Energy Level
9.8.9 26th Energy Level
9.8.12 27th Energy Level
9.8.14 28th Energy Level
9.8.18 29th Energy Level
9.8.20 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.2 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.5 Number of Neutrons
10.4.10 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
10.5.4 Covalent Radius
194.00 pm190.00 pm
96
260
10.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.2 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm364.74 pm
228.58
891.25
11.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.5.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)4.27 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.6 Elasticity properties
12.6.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa25.60 GPa
1.3
222
12.7.1 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa41.20 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.1 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa63.50 GPa
1.7
528
12.12 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
13.5.1 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.5.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.6 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.8 Critical Temperature
16.12 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.14 Enthalpy
16.14.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.1.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.4 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1