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Palladium
Palladium




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Pd Element

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Pd

Group Number

10
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7440053
Rank: 74 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Space Group Number

225.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
11 276
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst

Sources

Ores of metals

History

Who Discovered

William Hyde Wollaston

Discovery

In 1803

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 48 (Overall)
1E-37 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

-
0 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Other Uses

Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

1,554.90 °C
Rank: 22 (Overall)
-38.83 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

2,963.00 °C
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silver

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

4.75
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

320.00 MPa
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

121.00 MPa
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0 3920
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

3,070.00 m/s
Rank: 38 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.72
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.155 3.41
👆🏻

Reflectivity

84.00 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
5 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals

α Allotropes

-

β Allotropes

-

γ Allotropes

-

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Pd

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

38
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 2.6
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.35
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0.86 1.9
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.59
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

1.80
Rank: 50 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

520.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 80 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

7,298.22 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
392.8 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

11,815.13 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
392.8 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

870.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 81 (Overall)
375.7 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

8,044.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
392 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

8,044.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
1007 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
1007 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
730 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
1007 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
392 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
392 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

8,040.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

5,310.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
1007 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 75 (Overall)
380 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

80,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
33000 100700
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 76 (Overall)
375.7 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
375.7 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

8,045.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
375.7 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

804.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
375.7 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

804.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
330 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
357.6 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
297.3 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
357.6 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
297.3 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

804.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

804.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

1.99 g/amp-hr
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

5.12 eV
Rank: 7 (Overall)
2.14 6
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

46
Rank: 66 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d10

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

46
Rank: 65 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

60
Rank: 49 (Overall)
4 285
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

46
Rank: 65 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

137.00 pm
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

139.00 pm
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

163.00 pm
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

106.42 amu
Rank: 60 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

8.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 72 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

33.00 (-eV)
Rank: 52 (Overall)
0 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

389.07 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.56
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0.423 1.9
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

12.02 g/cm3
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.38 g/cm3
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0.512 41
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

550.00 MPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.1 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 14 (Overall)
1.5E-05 0.0035
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 29 (Overall)
0 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

44.00 GPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

180.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

121.00 GPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.39
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

12.02
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m
Rank: 18 (Overall)
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 27 (Overall)
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

105.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 29 (Overall)
0.1 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.10 106/cm Ω
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

54.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0.1 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

25.98 J/mol·K
Rank: 41 (Overall)
13.1 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

71.80 W/m·K
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

1,825.00 K
Rank: 26 (Overall)
26.3 3695
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

11.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 44 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

376.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

16.74 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

393.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

37.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 55 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻

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