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Silver
Silver




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What is Silver?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Ag

1.2 Group Number

11
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.4 Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.10 Block

d block

1.11 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.12 CAS Number

7440224
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.21 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

1.22 Space Group Number

225.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.

3.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

3.3.2 Discovery

Before 5000 BC

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10-8 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

1.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

1.2.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

1.3.4 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

1.6.3 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.5 In Bone

0.44 p.p.m.
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

961.93 °C
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

8.3 Boiling Point

2,212.00 °C
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

8.6 Appearance

8.6.1 Physical State

Solid

8.6.2 Color

Silvery White

8.6.3 Luster

Metallic

8.7 Hardness

8.7.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

9.1.3 Brinell Hardness

251.00 MPa
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

11.2.4 Vickers Hardness

229.00 MPa
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

11.7 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/s
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

12.4 Optical Properties

12.4.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

13.2.2 Reflectivity

97.00 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

13.4 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

13.4.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

13.4.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

13.4.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

14 Chemical

14.1 Chemical Formula

Ag

14.2 Isotopes

14.2.1 Known Isotopes

36
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

14.6 Electronegativity

14.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.93
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

14.7.4 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

14.9.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.42
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

15.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

15.5.2 Allen Electronegativity

1.87
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

16.6 Electropositivity

16.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.07
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

17.4 Ionization Energies

17.4.1 1st Energy Level

731.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

17.5.3 2nd Energy Level

2,070.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

17.5.5 3rd Energy Level

3,361.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

17.5.10 4th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

17.6.2 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

17.6.4 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

17.7.4 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

17.7.7 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

17.7.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

17.8.4 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

17.9.4 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

17.9.7 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

17.10.2 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

17.10.7 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

17.11.4 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

17.11.8 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

17.11.10 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

17.11.13 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

17.11.18 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

17.11.23 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

17.11.27 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

17.11.29 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

17.11.32 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

17.11.36 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

17.11.37 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

17.11.40 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

17.11.44 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

17.11.47 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

17.11.49 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

17.11.53 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

17.12 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.02 g/amp-hr
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

17.13 Electron Work Function

4.26 eV
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

17.14 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

18 Atomic

18.1 Atomic Number

47
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

18.3 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d10 5s1

18.4 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

18.4.1 Crystal Lattice

18.5 Atom

18.5.1 Number of Protons

47
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

18.6.4 Number of Neutrons

61
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

19.1.2 Number of Electrons

47
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

19.5 Radius of an Atom

19.5.1 Atomic Radius

144.00 pm
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

19.5.6 Covalent Radius

145.00 pm
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

19.5.10 Van der Waals Radius

172.00 pm
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

19.6 Atomic Weight

107.87 amu
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

19.8 Atomic Volume

10.30 cm3/mol
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

19.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

19.10.1 Previous Element

19.10.2 Next Element

19.11 Valence Electron Potential

11.40 (-eV)
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

19.12 Lattice Constant

408.53 pm
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

19.14 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

19.15 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

20 Mechanical

20.1 Density

20.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

10.49 g/cm3
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

20.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.32 g/cm3
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

20.7 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

21.4 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

21.5 Vapor Pressure

21.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

23.1.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

23.7 Elasticity properties

23.7.1 Shear Modulus

30.00 GPa
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

24.5.2 Bulk Modulus

100.00 GPa
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

24.5.5 Young's Modulus

83.00 GPa
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

24.10 Poisson Ratio

0.37
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

24.12 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

25 Magnetic

25.1 Magnetic Characteristics

25.1.1 Specific Gravity

10.50
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

25.1.3 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

25.1.4 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

25.1.8 Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

25.4 Electrical Properties

25.4.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

25.4.2 Resistivity

15.87 nΩ·m
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

26.1.2 Electrical Conductivity

0.63 106/cm Ω
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

26.3.3 Electron Affinity

125.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

28 Thermal

28.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

28.6 Molar Heat Capacity

25.35 J/mol·K
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

29.5 Thermal Conductivity

429.00 W/m·K
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

30.2 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

30.7 Thermal Expansion

18.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

30.12 Enthalpy

30.12.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

255.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

30.17.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

32.1.6 Enthalpy of Atomization

284.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

32.5 Standard Molar Entropy

42.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1