1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
2.8 CAS Number
74402247440280
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %5 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.6 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Research
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.1 In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
961.93 °C303.50 °C
27
3410
5.4 Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C1,457.00 °C
147
5660
5.6 Appearance
5.6.1 Physical State
5.6.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.6.3 Luster
5.7 Hardness
5.7.1 Mohs Hardness
5.9.1 Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa26.50 MPa
0.14
3490
6.1.2 Vickers Hardness
6.2 Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s818.00 m/s
818
16200
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
6.4.2 Reflectivity
6.6 Allotropes
6.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.5.3 Allen Electronegativity
7.6 Electropositivity
7.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.7 Ionization Energies
7.7.1 1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.7.2 2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.8.1 3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.1.2 4th Energy Level
8.1.5 5th Energy Level
8.1.7 6th Energy Level
8.1.8 7th Energy level
8.2.3 8th Energy Level
8.2.4 9th Energy Level
8.2.6 10th Energy Level
8.2.8 11th Energy Level
8.2.9 12th Energy Level
9.1.1 13th Energy Level
9.2.1 14th Energy Level
9.3.1 15th Energy Level
9.3.2 16th Energy Level
9.4.1 17th Energy Level
9.5.1 18th Energy Level
9.5.2 19th Energy Level
9.5.3 20th Energy Level
9.6.2 21st Energy Level
9.6.3 22nd Energy Level
9.6.5 23rd Energy Level
9.6.6 24th Energy Level
9.6.8 25th Energy Level
9.6.9 26th Energy Level
9.6.10 27th Energy Level
9.7.1 28th Energy Level
9.7.2 29th Energy Level
9.7.3 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
144.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm196.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
107.87 amu204.38 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
408.53 pm345.66 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa2.80 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa8.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Sectile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1