1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402247440666
7429905
54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
1.9 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Indian metallurgists
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 5000 BC
Before 1000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %3 * 10-5 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.5.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.5.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-37.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.170.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
961.93 °C419.58 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C907.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa327.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s3,850.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,731.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,970.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,400.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,900.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA16,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA19,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA23,000.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA26,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA29,990.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA40,490.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA43,800.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA47,300.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA52,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA55,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA59,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA67,300.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA171,200.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA179,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
144.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm139.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
107.87 amu65.38 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
408.53 pm266.49 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm37.14 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm36.57 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa70.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa108.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω0.17 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K25.47 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1