1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74402807439896
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-9 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
303.50 °C1,535.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,457.00 °C2,750.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
26.50 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
818.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
4.7.2 β Allotropes
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
589.40 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,971.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,878.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,290.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,240.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,560.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,060.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA14,580.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA22,540.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA25,290.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA28,000.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA31,920.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA34,830.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA37,840.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA44,100.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA47,206.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA122,200.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA131,000.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA140,500.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA152,600.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA163,000.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA173,600.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA188,100.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NA195,200.00 kJ/mol
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
7.63 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
170.00 pm126.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
145.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
196.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
204.38 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
17.20 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
9.60 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
345.66 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.85 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.22 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
16.90 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
2.80 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
8.00 GPa211.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NA6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NA2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.18 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.06 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
19.20 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
46.10 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
29.90 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
162.10 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
4.27 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
179.90 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
64.20 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1