Silver

Copper

Silver vs Copper

Silver

Copper

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

1111

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74402247440508

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

It is the most reflective element.

Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.

It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.

Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.

Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 5000 BC

In Middle East (9000 BCE)

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10^-8 %6 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %~0.00007 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.

It is use for coinage and bullion.
Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry

Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.44 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

961.93 °C1,084.62 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,212.00 °C2,562.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Copper

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.503.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

251.00 MPa235.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

229.00 MPa343.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

97.00 %90.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3629

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.931.90

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.831.98

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.421.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.471.49

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.871.85

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.072.10

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

731.00 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

2,070.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,361.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

NA5,536.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA7,700.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA9,900.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA13,400.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA16,000.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA19,200.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA22,400.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA25,600.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA35,600.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA38,700.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NA42,000.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NA46,700.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NA50,200.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NA53,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NA61,100.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NA64,702.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NA163,700.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NA174,100.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NA184,900.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NA198,800.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.02 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.26 eV4.65 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

4729

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

6.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

4729

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

6135

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

4729

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

144.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

1.1.1 Covalent Radius

145.00 pm132.00 pm

96 260

1.1.2 Van der Waals Radius

172.00 pm140.00 pm

139 348

1.3 Atomic Weight

107.87 amu63.55 amu

6.94 294

1.5 Atomic Volume

10.30 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

1.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

1.7.1 Previous Element

1.7.2 Next Element

1.8 Valence Electron Potential

11.40 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

1.9 Lattice Constant

408.53 pm361.49 pm

228.58 891.25

1.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

1.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

2 Mechanical

2.1 Density

2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

10.49 g/cm³8.96 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

2.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.32 g/cm38.02 g/cm3

0.512 20

2.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

2.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

2.4 Vapor Pressure

2.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)1.53 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

2.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

2.6 Elasticity properties

2.6.1 Shear Modulus

30.00 GPa48.00 GPa

1.3 222

2.6.2 Bulk Modulus

100.00 GPa140.00 GPa

1.6 462

2.6.3 Young's Modulus

83.00 GPa120.00 GPa

1.7 528

2.7 Poisson Ratio

0.370.34

0.032 0.47

2.8 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

3 Magnetic

3.1 Magnetic Characteristics

3.1.1 Specific Gravity

10.508.89

0.53 4500

3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

3.1.3 Permeability

NA1.256629 * 10^-6 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

3.1.4 Susceptibility

0.00-9.63 * 10^-6

-0.000166 200000

3.2 Electrical Properties

3.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

3.2.2 Resistivity

15.87 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m

0.18 961

3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.63 10⁶/cm Ω0.60 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

3.2.4 Electron Affinity

125.60 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

4 Thermal

4.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

4.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.35 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

4.3 Thermal Conductivity

429.00 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

4.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

4.5 Thermal Expansion

18.90 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

4.6 Enthalpy

4.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

255.10 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

4.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.30 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

4.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

284.50 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol

61.5 837

4.7 Standard Molar Entropy

42.60 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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