Silver

Dubnium

Silver vs Dubnium

Silver

Dubnium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

115

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

744022453850354

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

It is the most reflective element.

Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.

It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.

IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.

In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals

Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 5000 BC

In 1968

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10^-8 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.

Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.44 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

961.93 °CNA

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,212.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

Unknown Luster

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50NA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

251.00 MPaNA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

229.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/sNA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

97.00 %NA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

3610

0 38

1.3 Electronegativity

1.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.93NA

0.7 2.54

1.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.83NA

0.22 2.56

1.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.42NA

0.86 1.82

1.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.47NA

0.62 2.48

1.4.7 Allen Electronegativity

1.87NA

0.659 2.7

1.5 Electropositivity

1.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.07NA

1.46 3.3

1.6 Ionization Energies

1.6.1 1st Energy Level

731.00 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

1.6.3 2nd Energy Level

2,070.00 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

1.7.2 3rd Energy Level

3,361.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol

1600 34230

1.8.2 4th Energy Level

NA3,298.80 kJ/mol

2780 37066

1.8.4 5th Energy Level

NA4,305.20 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

1.8.5 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

1.8.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

1.8.9 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

1.8.10 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

1.8.12 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

1.8.14 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

1.8.16 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

1.8.18 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

1.8.20 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

1.8.22 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

1.8.24 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

1.8.26 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

1.8.27 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

1.8.29 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

1.8.31 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

1.8.32 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

1.8.34 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

1.8.35 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

1.8.37 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

1.8.39 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

1.8.41 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

1.8.42 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

1.8.44 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

1.8.46 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.8.47 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.9 Electrochemical Equivalent

4.02 g/amp-hrNA

0.16812 8.3209

1.10 Electron Work Function

4.26 eVNA

2.14 5.65

1.11 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

2 Atomic

2.1 Atomic Number

47105

3 117

2.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s²

2.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

2.3.1 Crystal Lattice

2.4 Atom

2.4.1 Number of Protons

47105

3 117

2.4.4 Number of Neutrons

61157

4 184

2.4.6 Number of Electrons

47105

3 117

2.6 Radius of an Atom

2.6.1 Atomic Radius

144.00 pm139.00 pm

112 265

2.6.2 Covalent Radius

145.00 pm149.00 pm

96 260

2.7.1 Van der Waals Radius

172.00 pmNA

139 348

2.8 Atomic Weight

107.87 amu268.00 amu

6.94 294

2.10 Atomic Volume

10.30 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

2.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

2.11.1 Previous Element

2.11.2 Next Element

2.12 Valence Electron Potential

11.40 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

2.13 Lattice Constant

408.53 pmNA

228.58 891.25

2.14 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.15 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

3 Mechanical

3.1 Density

3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

10.49 g/cm³29.30 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.32 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

3.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

3.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 Vapor Pressure

3.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

3.5 Elasticity properties

3.5.1 Shear Modulus

30.00 GPaNA

1.3 222

3.5.2 Bulk Modulus

100.00 GPaNA

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young's Modulus

83.00 GPaNA

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson Ratio

0.37NA

0.032 0.47

3.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Unknown

4 Magnetic

4.1 Magnetic Characteristics

4.1.1 Specific Gravity

10.50NA

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Unknown

4.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 Susceptibility

0.00NA

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Electrical Properties

4.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Unknown

4.2.2 Resistivity

15.87 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

4.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.63 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 Electron Affinity

125.60 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

5 Thermal

5.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

5.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.35 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

5.3 Thermal Conductivity

429.00 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

5.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

5.5 Thermal Expansion

18.90 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

5.6 Enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

255.10 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.30 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

284.50 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

5.7 Standard Molar Entropy

42.60 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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