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Molybdenum
Molybdenum




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Mo Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Mo

1.2 Group Number

6
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7439987
Rank: 80 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1778

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10-7 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000009 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.70 p.p.m.
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

2,617.00 °C
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,612.00 °C
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

1,370.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

1,400.00 MPa
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

5,400.00 m/s
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

58.00 %
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Silver Metal
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Mo

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

25
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.16
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.15
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.30
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

2.16
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.84
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

684.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,560.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,618.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,480.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

5,257.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

6,640.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

12,125.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

13,860.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

15,835.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

17,980.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

20,190.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

22,219.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Copper
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

26,930.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Vanadium
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

29,196.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Iron
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

52,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

55,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

61,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

67,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

74,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

80,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

87,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

93,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Copper Metal
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

98,420.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Copper Metal
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

104,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Iron Metal
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

121,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

127,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

133,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

139,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

148,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

154,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.89 g/amp-hr
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.60 eV
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

42
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d5 5s1

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

42
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

54
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

42
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

139.00 pm
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

154.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

95.95 amu
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

9.40 cm3/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

88.60 (-eV)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

314.70 pm
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

10.28 g/cm3
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

9.33 g/cm3
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

324.00 MPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

126.00 GPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

230.00 GPa
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

329.00 GPa
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.31
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Weldable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

10.22
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

53.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.19 106/cm Ω
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

71.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.25 J/(kg K)
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.06 J/mol·K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

138.00 W/m·K
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

4.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

594.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

27.61 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

653.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

28.70 J/mol.K
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1