1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.8 CAS Number
74400427440166
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
3.3 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.4 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
William Hyde Wollaston
3.4.2 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.6 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.9 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.13 Abundance In Oceans
3.5.16 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
4.2.8 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
3,045.00 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.3 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
5.3.4 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.7 Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa980.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.4.13 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
6.1.2 Reflectivity
6.5 Allotropes
6.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.6 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.8.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.1 Allen Electronegativity
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.9.1 3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.10.1 4th Energy Level
10.1.2 5th Energy Level
10.2.3 6th Energy Level
10.2.5 7th Energy level
10.5.3 8th Energy Level
11.1.2 9th Energy Level
11.1.4 10th Energy Level
11.1.6 11th Energy Level
12.1.1 12th Energy Level
12.2.1 13th Energy Level
12.3.1 14th Energy Level
12.5.1 15th Energy Level
12.6.1 16th Energy Level
12.7.1 17th Energy Level
12.9.2 18th Energy Level
12.9.3 19th Energy Level
12.9.5 20th Energy Level
12.9.7 21st Energy Level
12.9.9 22nd Energy Level
12.10.1 23rd Energy Level
12.11.2 24th Energy Level
12.11.3 25th Energy Level
12.11.4 26th Energy Level
12.11.5 27th Energy Level
12.11.7 28th Energy Level
12.11.8 29th Energy Level
12.11.9 30th Energy Level
12.12 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.13 Electron Work Function
12.14 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
13.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.5.1 Number of Protons
13.5.2 Number of Neutrons
14.1.2 Number of Electrons
14.2 Radius of an Atom
14.2.1 Atomic Radius
133.80 pm134.00 pm
112
265
14.2.2 Covalent Radius
14.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
14.3 Atomic Weight
190.23 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
14.4 Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.6.1 Previous Element
14.6.2 Next Element
14.7 Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.8 Lattice Constant
273.44 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
14.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm310.70 g/cm3
0.512
20
15.2 Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa951.00 MPa
2.5
11000
15.3 Viscosity
15.4 Vapor Pressure
15.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.02 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
16.2 Elasticity properties
16.2.1 Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa150.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.2.2 Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa275.00 GPa
1.6
462
16.3.1 Young's Modulus
16.4 Poisson Ratio
16.6 Other Mechanical Properties
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
17.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.1.3 Permeability
17.2.1 Susceptibility
17.4 Electrical Properties
17.4.1 Electrical Property
17.4.2 Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
0.18
961
17.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.5.3 Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
18 Thermal
18.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
18.4 Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
18.5 Critical Temperature
18.6 Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.7 Enthalpy
18.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.8 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1