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Gadolinium
Gadolinium




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Gd Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Gd

1.2 Group Number

0
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Sodium
0 17

1.4 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.7 Block

f block

1.8 Element Family

Lanthanide

1.9 CAS Number

7440542
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.10 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.11 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.

3.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1880

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000002 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

3.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.1 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

3.7.2 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

27% - Lanthanide Series Metals have it !

4.2.3 In Blood

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

1,311.00 °C
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

5.3 Boiling Point

3,233.00 °C
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

5.4 Appearance

5.4.1 Physical State

Solid

5.4.2 Color

Silvery White

5.4.3 Luster

Metallic

5.5 Hardness

5.5.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

5.5.3 Brinell Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

5.5.5 Vickers Hardness

510.00 MPa
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

5.7 Speed of Sound

2,680.00 m/s
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

6.2 Optical Properties

6.2.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

6.2.5 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

6.3 Allotropes

No - Lanthanide Series Metals has it !

6.4.3 α Allotropes

Not Available

6.4.4 β Allotropes

Not Available

6.4.5 γ Allotropes

Not Available

7 Chemical

7.1 Chemical Formula

Gd

7.2 Isotopes

7.2.1 Known Isotopes

26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

7.3 Electronegativity

7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.20
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

7.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.11
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

8.1.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

8.2.1 Allen Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

8.4 Electropositivity

8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.80
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

8.6 Ionization Energies

8.6.1 1st Energy Level

593.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

8.7.1 2nd Energy Level

1,170.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

8.8.2 3rd Energy Level

1,990.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 75 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

8.8.4 4th Energy Level

4,250.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

8.8.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

8.8.7 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

8.9.1 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

8.9.2 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

8.9.3 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

8.9.4 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

8.9.5 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

8.9.6 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

8.9.7 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

8.9.8 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

8.9.9 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

8.9.10 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

8.9.11 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

8.9.12 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

8.9.13 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

8.9.14 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

8.9.15 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

8.9.16 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

8.9.17 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

8.9.18 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

8.9.19 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

8.9.20 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

8.9.21 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

8.9.22 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

8.9.23 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

8.9.24 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.96 g/amp-hr
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

8.11 Electron Work Function

3.10 eV
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

8.12 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

64
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2

9.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

64
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

9.4.2 Number of Neutrons

93
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

9.4.3 Number of Electrons

64
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

9.5 Radius of an Atom

9.5.1 Atomic Radius

180.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

9.5.2 Covalent Radius

196.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pm
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

9.6 Atomic Weight

47.87 amu
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

9.7 Atomic Volume

19.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.8.1 Previous Element

9.8.2 Next Element

9.9 Valence Electron Potential

46.10 (-eV)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

9.10 Lattice Constant

363.60 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

9.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.59
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.90 g/cm3
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

7.40 g/cm3
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

10.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

10.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

10.4 Vapor Pressure

10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

7.39 (Pa)
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

10.5 Elasticity properties

10.5.1 Shear Modulus

21.80 GPa
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

10.5.2 Bulk Modulus

37.90 GPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

10.5.3 Young's Modulus

54.80 GPa
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

10.6 Poisson Ratio

0.26
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

10.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.90
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Ferromagnetic

11.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

11.2 Electrical Properties

11.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

11.2.2 Resistivity

1.31 nΩ·m
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

11.2.4 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

12 Thermal

12.1 Specific Heat

0.23 J/(kg K)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

12.2 Molar Heat Capacity

37.03 J/mol·K
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

12.3 Thermal Conductivity

10.60 W/m·K
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

12.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

12.5 Thermal Expansion

9.40 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

12.6 Enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

359.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.05 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

352.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

12.7 Standard Molar Entropy

68.10 J/mol.K
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1