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Gadolinium
Gadolinium

Potassium
Potassium



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Gadolinium
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Potassium

Gadolinium Potassium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Gd
K
1.2 Group Number
01
Sodium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
64
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.6 Block
f block
s block
1.7 Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkali
1.8 CAS Number
74405427440097
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.4 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1880
In 1807
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.7.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.9.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.07 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.4.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %1.50 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.5.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.04 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.5.7 Abundance In Humans
NA0.20 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
NA2,100.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,311.00 °C63.65 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
6.4 Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C774.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
7.2 Appearance
7.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
7.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
7.2.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
7.3 Hardness
7.3.1 Mohs Hardness
NA0.40
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
8.5.1 Brinell Hardness
NA0.36 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
8.5.3 Vickers Hardness
510.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
8.8 Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s2,000.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
8.10 Optical Properties
8.10.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
8.10.4 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
8.11 Allotropes
8.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
Gd
K
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
2620
Tennessine Metal
0 38
9.5 Electronegativity
9.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.200.82
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
9.7.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.45
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
9.9.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.110.91
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
10.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.73
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
10.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
NA0.73
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
11.2 Electropositivity
11.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.803.18
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
11.3 Ionization Energies
11.3.1 1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
11.4.1 2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
11.5.1 3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
11.6.4 4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol5,877.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
11.8.2 5th Energy Level
NA7,975.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
11.9.2 6th Energy Level
NA9,590.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
11.9.4 7th Energy level
NA11,343.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
11.9.7 8th Energy Level
NA14,944.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
11.10.2 9th Energy Level
NA16,963.70 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
12.1.2 10th Energy Level
NA48,610.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
12.1.6 11th Energy Level
NA54,490.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
12.1.8 12th Energy Level
NA60,730.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
12.1.11 13th Energy Level
NA68,950.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
12.2.4 14th Energy Level
NA75,900.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
12.2.7 15th Energy Level
NA83,080.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
12.2.10 16th Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
12.2.12 17th Energy Level
NA99,710.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
13.1.2 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
13.2.2 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
13.3.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
13.3.4 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
13.4.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
13.5.1 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
13.5.3 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
13.6.3 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
13.6.5 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
13.6.8 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
13.6.9 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
13.6.13 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
13.7.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
13.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
13.10 Electron Work Function
3.10 eV2.30 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
13.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
6419
Lithium Metal
3 117
15.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Ar] 4s1
15.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
6419
Lithium Metal
3 117
15.7.3 Number of Neutrons
9320
Lithium Metal
4 184
15.7.5 Number of Electrons
6419
Lithium Metal
3 117
15.9 Radius of an Atom
15.9.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm227.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
15.9.3 Covalent Radius
196.00 pm203.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
15.11.1 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm275.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
15.14 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu39.10 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
15.18 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
16.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.2.1 Previous Element
16.2.2 Next Element
16.3 Valence Electron Potential
46.10 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
16.5 Lattice Constant
363.60 pm532.80 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
16.7 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.8 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59NA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.90 g/cm30.86 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
17.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.40 g/cm30.83 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
17.3 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
17.4 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
17.5 Vapor Pressure
17.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
17.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.39 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
17.6 Elasticity properties
17.6.1 Shear Modulus
21.80 GPa1.30 GPa
Palladium
1.3 222
17.7.1 Bulk Modulus
37.90 GPa3.10 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
18.1.2 Young's Modulus
54.80 GPa3.53 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
18.2 Poisson Ratio
0.26NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
18.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.900.86
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
19.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.1.4 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
19.1.6 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
19.2 Electrical Properties
19.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
19.2.2 Resistivity
1.31 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
20.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
20.2.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
21.2 Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
21.4 Thermal Conductivity
10.60 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
21.6 Critical Temperature
NA2,223.00 K
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
21.8 Thermal Expansion
9.40 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
21.9 Enthalpy
21.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
21.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.05 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
21.10.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
352.00 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
21.11 Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1