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Manganese
Manganese




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Mn Element

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Mn

Group Number

7
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7439965
Rank: 82 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

I_ 43m

Space Group Number

217.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
11 276
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.

Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Johann Gottlieb Gahn

Discovery

In 1774

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.00 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

0.27 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.11 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1E-37 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.

Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

-

Other Uses

Alloys

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

In Blood

0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

100.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

1,245.00 °C
Rank: 37 (Overall)
-38.83 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

1,962.00 °C
Rank: 53 (Overall)
0 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silver

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

6.00
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

196.00 MPa
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

196.00 MPa
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0 3920
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

5,150.00 m/s
Rank: 11 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.00
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.155 3.41
👆🏻

Reflectivity

70.00 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
5 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals

α Allotropes

-

β Allotropes

-

γ Allotropes

-

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Mn

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

21
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.55
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0 2.6
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.60
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0.86 1.9
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.55
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.75
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.45
Rank: 29 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

717.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

1,509.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
392.8 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

3,248.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
392.8 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

4,940.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
375.7 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

6,990.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
392 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

9,220.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
1007 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

11,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
1007 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

18,770.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
730 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

21,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
1007 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

23,960.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
392 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

27,590.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
392 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

30,330.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

33,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
1007 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

38,880.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
380 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

41,987.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 81 (Overall)
33000 100700
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

109,480.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
375.7 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

118,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
375.7 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

127,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

138,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
375.7 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

148,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

158,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
375.7 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

172,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
330 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

181,380.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
357.6 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
297.3 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

717.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
357.6 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
297.3 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

650.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.29 g/amp-hr
Rank: 78 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

4.10 eV
Rank: 32 (Overall)
2.14 6
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

25
Rank: 81 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d5 4s2

Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

25
Rank: 80 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

30
Rank: 61 (Overall)
4 285
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

25
Rank: 80 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

127.00 pm
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

139.00 pm
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

54.94 amu
Rank: 75 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

1.39 cm3/mol
Rank: 82 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

220.00 (-eV)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

891.25 pm
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.55
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0.423 1.9
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

7.21 g/cm3
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.95 g/cm3
Rank: 72 (Overall)
0.512 41
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

370.00 MPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.1 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1.5E-05 0.0035
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

40.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

120.00 GPa
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

198.00 GPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.30
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

-

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

7.21
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m
Rank: 7 (Overall)
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 12 (Overall)
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

1.44 nΩ·m
Rank: 67 (Overall)
0.1 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 68 (Overall)
0 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.48 J/(kg K)
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.1 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

26.32 J/mol·K
Rank: 37 (Overall)
13.1 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

7.81 W/m·K
Rank: 71 (Overall)
0 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

1,519.00 K
Rank: 40 (Overall)
26.3 3695
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

21.70 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

219.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

14.64 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

280.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

32.00 J/mol.K
Rank: 65 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻