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Lithium
Lithium




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Li Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Li

1.2 Group Number

1
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

2
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Sodium
2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkali

1.6 CAS Number

7439932
Rank: 85 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Johan August Arfwedson

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1817

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10-7 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00017 %
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

NA

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

83% - Alkali Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

1.30 p.p.m.
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

180.54 °C
Rank: 73 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

1,347.00 °C
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

NA

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

0.60
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

5.00 MPa
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

6,000.00 m/s
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Alkali Metals Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Li

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

8
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

0.98
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.89
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

0.97
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.97
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

0.91
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

3.02
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

520.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 81 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

7,298.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

11,815.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.26 g/amp-hr
Rank: 75 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

2.90 eV
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

3
Rank: 92 (Overall)
Sodium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[He] 2s1

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

3
Rank: 91 (Overall)
Sodium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

4
Rank: 68 (Overall)
Sodium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

3
Rank: 91 (Overall)
Sodium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

152.00 pm
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

128.00 pm
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

182.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

6.94 amu
Rank: 86 (Overall)
Sodium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

13.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

19.00 (-eV)
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

351.00 pm
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

0.53 g/cm3
Rank: 84 (Overall)
Palladium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

0.51 g/cm3
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Sodium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

109.00 (Pa)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

4.20 GPa
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

11.00 GPa
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

4.90 GPa
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

0.53
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Palladium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

92.80 nΩ·m
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.11 106/cm Ω
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

59.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

3.60 J/(kg K)
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.86 J/mol·K
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

84.80 W/m·K
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

3,223.00 K
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

46.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

134.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

3.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

160.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

29.10 J/mol.K
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1