Symbol
Co
Group Number
9
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440484
Rank: 38 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Discovery
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 21 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
Rank: 29 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
Rank: 18 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.50
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
67.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.88
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.84
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
Rank: 42 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 80 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
Rank: 9 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Number
22
Rank: 84 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
22
Rank: 83 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
26
Rank: 63 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
22
Rank: 83 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
Rank: 78 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
Rank: 68 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.26
Rank: 59 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
Rank: 75 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
Rank: 78 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.32
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
Rank: 53 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,768.00 K
Rank: 32 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 59 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 73 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻