1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744048453850354
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
- In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
2.2 Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
7.5 Boiling Point
7.6 Appearance
7.6.2 Physical State
7.6.3 Color
7.6.4 Luster
7.7 Hardness
7.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.9.2 Brinell Hardness
8.2.2 Vickers Hardness
8.4 Speed of Sound
8.5 Optical Properties
8.5.1 Refractive Index
8.5.3 Reflectivity
8.8 Allotropes
8.8.1 α Allotropes
8.8.2 β Allotropes
8.8.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.3.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.10 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.13 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.7 3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.10 4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol3,298.80 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.5.14 5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol4,305.20 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.5.16 6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.5.17 7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.5.20 8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.5.22 9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.5.24 10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.6.1 11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.7.1 12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.8.1 13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
10.1.1 14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
10.4.2 15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
10.4.4 16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
10.4.6 17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
10.4.7 18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
10.5.2 19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
10.5.4 20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
10.5.6 21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
10.6.1 22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
10.6.2 23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
10.7.1 24th Energy Level
10.7.2 25th Energy Level
10.9.1 26th Energy Level
10.10.1 27th Energy Level
10.10.2 28th Energy Level
10.12.1 29th Energy Level
11.1.2 30th Energy Level
11.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
11.4 Electron Work Function
11.6 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
12.5.3 Number of Neutrons
12.5.5 Number of Electrons
12.7 Radius of an Atom
12.7.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
13.1.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm149.00 pm
96
260
13.1.5 Van der Waals Radius
13.2 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu268.00 amu
6.94
294
13.4 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
13.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.5.1 Previous Element
13.5.2 Next Element
13.6 Valence Electron Potential
13.7 Lattice Constant
295.08 pmNA
228.58
891.25
13.8 Lattice Angles
13.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm329.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.2 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.5 Vapor Pressure
15.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
15.7 Elasticity properties
15.7.1 Shear Modulus
15.8.1 Bulk Modulus
15.9.1 Young's Modulus
15.11 Poisson Ratio
15.12 Other Mechanical Properties
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.4 Permeability
16.1.6 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
16.2.2 Resistivity
16.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
16.3.2 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1