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Cerium
Cerium

Yttrium
Yttrium



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Cerium Yttrium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ce
Y
1.2 Group Number
NA3
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74404517440655
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Johan Gadolin
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1803
In 1794
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %7 * 10-7 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
795.00 °C1,523.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C3,337.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.50NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa589.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
210.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,100.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ce
Y
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3019
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.121.22
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA0.65
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.081.11
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.12
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.882.78
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/mol7,430.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/mol8,970.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA11,190.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA12,450.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA14,110.00 kJ/mol
Sodium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA18,400.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA19,900.00 kJ/mol
Copper
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA36,090.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.84 eV3.10 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5839
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5839
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8250
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5839
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
181.80 pm180.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
204.00 pm190.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
140.12 amu88.91 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
362.00 pm364.74 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.57
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
1.04 (Pa)4.27 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
13.50 GPa25.60 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa41.20 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa63.50 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.240.24
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.774.47
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1