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Iron
Iron

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Fe
Ra
1.2 Group Number
82
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
47
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74398967440144
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1898
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %0.00 %
Palladium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.01 %0.00 %
Tin
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,535.00 °C700.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C1,737.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
65.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
beta Iron
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Fe
Ra
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2633
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.830.90
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.640.97
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.92
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.800.89
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.173.10
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol509.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol979.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/molNA
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr4.22 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.70 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2688
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Rn] 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2688
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
30138
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2688
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
126.00 pmNA
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm221.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm283.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
55.85 amu226.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol45.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)20.10 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
286.65 pm514.80 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
82.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
211.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.29NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.205.00
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Nonmagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/mNA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
2,00,000.00NA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
8.2.2 Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m100.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K18.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol163.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K71.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1