1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
1.5 CAS Number
74398967440280
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
- Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1.1 * 10-1 %5 * 10-9 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.1 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.4 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.6 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
- In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.4 In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,535.00 °C303.50 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C1,457.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.3 Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa26.50 MPa
0.14
3490
7.1.1 Vickers Hardness
7.3 Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s818.00 m/s
818
16200
7.6 Optical Properties
7.6.1 Refractive Index
7.6.2 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.2 4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
9.7.2 5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.7.5 6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.7.7 7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.7.9 8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
9.7.10 9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
9.7.12 10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
9.7.14 11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
9.7.16 12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
9.7.19 13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
9.7.22 14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
9.7.23 15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
9.7.25 16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
9.7.27 17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
9.7.29 18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
9.7.32 19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/molNA
64702
148700
9.7.35 20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/molNA
80400
171200
9.7.37 21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/molNA
87000
179100
9.7.40 22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/molNA
93400
184900
9.7.43 23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/molNA
98420
198800
9.7.46 24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/molNA
104400
195200
9.7.48 25th Energy Level
9.7.50 26th Energy Level
9.7.52 27th Energy Level
9.7.54 28th Energy Level
9.8.1 29th Energy Level
9.9.1 30th Energy Level
10.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.6 Electron Work Function
10.7 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
11.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
11.3.1 Crystal Lattice
11.4 Atom
11.4.1 Number of Protons
11.5.2 Number of Neutrons
11.5.4 Number of Electrons
11.6 Radius of an Atom
11.6.1 Atomic Radius
126.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
11.7.1 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
11.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm196.00 pm
139
348
11.9 Atomic Weight
55.85 amu204.38 amu
6.94
294
11.12 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.13.1 Previous Element
11.13.2 Next Element
11.14 Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.16 Lattice Constant
286.65 pm345.66 pm
228.58
891.25
11.18 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.19 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPaNA
2.5
11000
13.3 Viscosity
13.4 Vapor Pressure
13.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
13.6 Elasticity properties
13.6.1 Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa2.80 GPa
1.3
222
13.7.1 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.8.2 Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa8.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.9 Poisson Ratio
13.10 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Sectile
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Diamagnetic
14.2.3 Permeability
6.3 * 10-3 H/mNA
1.25643E-06
0.0063
14.2.4 Susceptibility
2,00,000.00NA
-0.000166
200000
14.3 Electrical Properties
14.3.1 Electrical Property
14.3.2 Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.4.1 Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.3 Enthalpy
17.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.4.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.8 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1