Symbol
Fe
Y
Group Number
83
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
45
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74398967440655
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C1,523.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C3,337.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.004.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa589.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa590.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s3,300.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.601.90
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
65.00 %83.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
-
β Allotropes
beta Iron
-
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron
-
Chemical Formula
Fe
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2619
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.831.22
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.200.65
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.641.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.831.22
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.801.12
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.172.78
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol1,180.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol1,980.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol5,847.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol7,430.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol8,970.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol11,190.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol12,450.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol14,110.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol18,400.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol19,900.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol36,090.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol60,000.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol60,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol6,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol600.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr1.11 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV3.10 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
2639
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2639
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
3050
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2639
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm180.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm190.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu88.91 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol19.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)48.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm364.74 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.351.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm34.47 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm34.24 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa160.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)4.27 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa25.60 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa41.20 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa63.50 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.290.24
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.204.47
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.01 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
200,000.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m596.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol29.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)0.30 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K26.53 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K17.20 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K1,799.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)10.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol393.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol17.15 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol418.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K44.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻