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Cobalt
Cobalt

Lithium
Lithium



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Cobalt vs Lithium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Co
Li
1.2 Group Number
91
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
42
Sodium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74404847439932
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  • Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
  • Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
2.2 Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Johan August Arfwedson
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1732
In 1817
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %6 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~0.00017 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  • The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
  • it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
NA
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.1.30 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,495.00 °C180.54 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C1,347.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.000.60
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa5.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s6,000.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Co
Li
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
268
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.880.98
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.560.89
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.700.97
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.97
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.840.91
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.123.02
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol520.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol7,298.10 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol11,815.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr0.26 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.00 eV2.90 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
223
Sodium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[He] 2s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
223
Sodium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
264
Sodium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
223
Sodium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm152.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm128.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm182.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu6.94 amu
Sodium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)19.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm351.00 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm30.53 g/cm3
Palladium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm30.51 g/cm3
Sodium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
434.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA109.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa4.20 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa11.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa4.90 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.32NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
4,500.000.53
Palladium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m92.80 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol59.60 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)3.60 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K24.86 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K84.80 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA3,223.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)46.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol134.70 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol3.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol160.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K29.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1