1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74400537440666
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
2.2 Sources
Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Indian metallurgists
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %3 * 10-5 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,554.90 °C419.58 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C907.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa327.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s3,850.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol906.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol1,733.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol3,833.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,731.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA7,970.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA10,400.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,900.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA16,800.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA19,600.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA23,000.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA26,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA29,990.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA40,490.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA43,800.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA47,300.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA52,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA55,900.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA59,700.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA67,300.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA171,200.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA179,100.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr1.22 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm139.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
106.42 amu65.38 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol9.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
389.07 pm266.49 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm37.14 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm36.57 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa70.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa108.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m59.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω0.17 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.39 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K25.47 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K116.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)30.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol7.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol129.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1