1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401557440031
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
3,180.00 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C2,468.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa735.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa870.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s3,480.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm146.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
151.00 pm164.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
186.21 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)104.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
276.10 pm330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.2 Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa330.00 MPa
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa38.00 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa105.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m152.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol86.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.26 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K53.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
1.3 Critical Temperature
1.5 Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)7.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.6 Enthalpy
1.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol27.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.11.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol745.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.5 Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1