1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74401887440144
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.9.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.9.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
-
It is used in luminous paints.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
4.2.4 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,250.00 °C700.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C1,737.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
5.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
6.3 Optical Properties
6.3.1 Refractive Index
6.3.2 Reflectivity
6.4 Allotropes
6.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.2 Electronegativity
8.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol509.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.1 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol979.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.2 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.9.2 4th Energy Level
8.9.4 5th Energy Level
9.2.2 6th Energy Level
9.2.3 7th Energy level
9.3.2 8th Energy Level
9.3.4 9th Energy Level
9.3.5 10th Energy Level
9.3.7 11th Energy Level
9.3.9 12th Energy Level
9.3.11 13th Energy Level
9.3.12 14th Energy Level
9.5.2 15th Energy Level
9.5.4 16th Energy Level
9.5.6 17th Energy Level
9.5.8 18th Energy Level
9.5.11 19th Energy Level
9.5.13 20th Energy Level
9.5.15 21st Energy Level
9.5.17 22nd Energy Level
9.5.19 23rd Energy Level
9.5.21 24th Energy Level
9.5.23 25th Energy Level
9.5.24 26th Energy Level
9.5.26 27th Energy Level
9.5.27 28th Energy Level
9.5.28 29th Energy Level
9.5.30 30th Energy Level
9.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr4.22 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.4 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
10.5.4 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm221.00 pm
96
260
10.5.7 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm283.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu226.00 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol45.20 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)20.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
270.59 pm514.80 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
12.8.1 Bulk Modulus
12.10.1 Young's Modulus
12.14 Poisson Ratio
13.2 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
14.2.2 Permeability
14.4.2 Susceptibility
14.5 Electrical Properties
14.5.1 Electrical Property
14.5.2 Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m100.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.6.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
14.6.5 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K18.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
17.2 Thermal Expansion
17.5 Enthalpy
17.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.8.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol163.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.9 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K71.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1