1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401887440337
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.8.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,250.00 °C3,410.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C5,660.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.3 Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa2,000.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.1.1 Vickers Hardness
7.2 Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s4,620.00 m/s
818
16200
7.4 Optical Properties
7.4.1 Refractive Index
7.4.2 Reflectivity
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.2 Electropositivity
9.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.4 Ionization Energies
9.4.1 1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
9.5.5 4th Energy Level
9.5.6 5th Energy Level
9.5.8 6th Energy Level
9.5.10 7th Energy level
9.5.12 8th Energy Level
9.5.13 9th Energy Level
9.6.2 10th Energy Level
9.7.2 11th Energy Level
9.7.4 12th Energy Level
9.7.6 13th Energy Level
9.7.7 14th Energy Level
9.7.9 15th Energy Level
9.7.11 16th Energy Level
9.7.13 17th Energy Level
9.7.14 18th Energy Level
9.7.16 19th Energy Level
9.7.18 20th Energy Level
9.7.20 21st Energy Level
9.7.21 22nd Energy Level
9.7.23 23rd Energy Level
9.7.24 24th Energy Level
9.7.26 25th Energy Level
9.7.28 26th Energy Level
9.7.29 27th Energy Level
9.7.31 28th Energy Level
9.7.33 29th Energy Level
9.7.34 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.7 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
134.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
146.00 pm162.00 pm
96
260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
101.07 amu183.84 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
270.59 pm316.52 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa161.00 GPa
1.3
222
12.7.3 Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa310.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.1 Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa411.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.9 Poisson Ratio
12.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.3.1 Susceptibility
13.5 Electrical Properties
13.5.1 Electrical Property
13.5.2 Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.7.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.1.2 Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.7 Critical Temperature
15.8 Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.9 Enthalpy
15.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.10.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.10.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.11 Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1