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Californium
Californium

Ruthenium
Ruthenium



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Facts About Californium and Ruthenium

1 Facts
1.1 Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
1.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
1.3 History
1.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Karl Ernst Claus
1.3.2 Discovery
In 1950
In 1844
1.4 Abundance
1.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA4 * 10-7 %
Facts About Thallium
5E-09 0.11
1.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000005 %
Facts About Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Facts About Gold
1.7E-07 22
1.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Facts About Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
1.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Facts About Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
1.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Facts About Radium
1E-13 1.4