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Neodymium vs Lawrencium

Neodymium
Lawrencium
Lawrencium vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
-  
Lr  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440008  
99+
22537195  
15
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1961–1971  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C  
99+
1,627.00 °C  
20
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C  
29
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
-  
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa  
99+
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s  
99+
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
7
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
-  
Lr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14  
99+
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.14  
35
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.14  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.14  
99+
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86  
13
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,331.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,360.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
13th Energy Level
5,330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
53,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
18th Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
20th Energy Level
536.00 kJ/mol  
99+
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
21st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
22nd Energy Level
533.00 kJ/mol  
99+
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,331.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
24th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV  
99+
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
60  
99+
103  
15
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60  
99+
103  
15
Number of Neutrons
84  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
60  
99+
103  
15
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm  
15
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm  
10
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu  
99+
266.00 amu  
12
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol  
28
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Nobelium
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm  
33
530.00 pm  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3  
99+
15.00 g/cm3  
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3  
99+
15.60 g/cm3  
20
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)  
2
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa  
99+
15.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa  
99+
210.00 GPa  
10
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00  
99+
15.60  
22
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
9
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m  
6
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K  
22
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,297.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol  
99+
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K  
13
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
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