Rhenium Niobium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Nb
Group Number
7
11
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1908
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
111
26
52
99+
Number of Electrons
75
40
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
Not Available
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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