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Rhenium Niobium Comparison


Niobium Rhenium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Re   
Nb   

Group Number
7   
11
5   
13

Period Number
6   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440031   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
Charles Hatchett   

Discovery
In 1908   
In 1801   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
34

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25

In Bone
Not Available   
0.07 p.p.m.   
25

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
2,468.00 °C   
6

Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
2,468.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
735.00 MPa   
14

Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
870.00 MPa   
12

Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
3,480.00 m/s   
21

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Re   
Nb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
33   
6
17   
22

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.60   
23

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.23   
25

Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.41   
31

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.40   
31

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
4.30 eV   
18

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
75   
99+
41   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
75   
40
41   
99+

Number of Neutrons
111   
26
52   
99+

Number of Electrons
75   
40
41   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
146.00 pm   
35

Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
164.00 pm   
28

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
92.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Zirconium
  

Next Element
Osmium
  
Molybdenum
  

Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
104.00 (-eV)   
8

Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
330.04 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
8.57 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
330.00 MPa   
12

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
0.00 (Pa)   
27

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
38.00 GPa   
19

Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
170.00 GPa   
10

Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
105.00 GPa   
20

Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.40   
4

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
8.57   
37

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
152.00 nΩ·m   
23

Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28

Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
86.10 kJ/mol   
12

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20

Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
53.70 W/m·K   
29

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
696.60 kJ/mol   
4

Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
27.20 kJ/mol   
6

Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
745.00 kJ/mol   
4

Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+

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