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Niobium
Niobium




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Nb Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Nb

1.2 Group Number

5
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7440031
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).

2.2 Sources

By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Charles Hatchett

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1801

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Low Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.07 p.p.m.
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

2,468.00 °C
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,468.00 °C
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

6.00
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

735.00 MPa
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

870.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

3,480.00 m/s
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Nb

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

17
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.60
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.42
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.23
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.41
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.40
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

652.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,380.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,416.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

4,877.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

9,847.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

12,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.69 g/amp-hr
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.30 eV
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

41
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

52
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

146.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

164.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

92.91 amu
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

10.87 cm3/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

104.00 (-eV)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

330.04 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

8.57 g/cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

330.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

38.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

170.00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

105.00 GPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.40
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

8.57
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

152.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.07 106/cm Ω
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

86.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.26 J/(kg K)
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.60 J/mol·K
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

53.70 W/m·K
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

7.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

696.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

27.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

745.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

36.40 J/mol.K
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1