Ruthenium vs Tantalum
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
Ta
Group Number
8
10
5
13
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440257
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Discovery
In 1844
In 1802
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
8 * 10-9 %
31
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
31
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Bone
Not Available
0.03 p.p.m.
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
2,996.00 °C
4
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
5,425.00 °C
4
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray Blue
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
440.00 MPa
28
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
3,400.00 m/s
22
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
78.00 %
6
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
Ta
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.50
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.33
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
1.34
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.50
27
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
761.00 kJ/mol
18
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol
40
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.35 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
73
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
73
99+
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
108
28
Number of Electrons
44
99+
73
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
180.95 amu
38
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
10.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
110.00 (-eV)
7
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
330.13 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
16.69 g/cm3
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
15.00 g/cm3
9
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
0.00 (Pa)
31
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
69.00 GPa
13
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
200.00 GPa
8
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
186.00 GPa
13
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
16.65
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
131.00 nΩ·m
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
0.08 106/cm Ω
27
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
31.00 kJ/mol
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
57.50 W/m·K
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
753.10 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
31.40 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
782.00 kJ/mol
3
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
41.50 J/mol.K
37
|
||
|
||
|
