Polonium vs Rhenium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Re
Group Number
16
2
7
11
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440155
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
221.00
3
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Masataka Ogawa
Discovery
In 1898
In 1908
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
3,180.00 °C
2
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
5,627.00 °C
2
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
1,320.00 MPa
8
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,350.00 MPa
7
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Re
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.90
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
1.60
21
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
760.00 kJ/mol
20
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.96 eV
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
75
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
75
40
Number of Neutrons
125
19
111
26
Number of Electrons
84
32
75
40
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
34
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
186.21 amu
36
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
276.10 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.62
3
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
21.02 g/cm3
12
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
18.90 g/cm3
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,070.00 MPa
3
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
29
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
178.00 GPa
3
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
370.00 GPa
2
Young's Modulus
Not Available
463.00 GPa
2
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
21.02
5
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
193.00 nΩ·m
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
14.50 kJ/mol
35
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
25.48 J/mol·K
38
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
48.00 W/m·K
31
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
707.10 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
33.05 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
791.00 kJ/mol
2
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
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