Gallium vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
In
Group Number
13
5
13
5
Period Number
4
5
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440746
17
Space Group Name
Cmca
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
64.00
9
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1875
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
66
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
57.80 J/mol.K
22
|
||
|
||
|
