Terbium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Tb
Hg
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440279
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1842
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
40
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
- Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
Not Available
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,356.00 °C
33
Not Available
Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C
29
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa
13
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s
35
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Tb
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10
30
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr
31
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
3.00 eV
36
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
65
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
65
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
94
36
121
22
Number of Electrons
65
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
177.00 pm
17
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
194.00 pm
16
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
158.93 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol
22
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)
33
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
360.10 pm
36
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
13
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm3
30
Not Available
Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)
8
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa
32
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa
33
Not Available
Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa
34
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.23
39
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K
9
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K
99+
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)
38
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol
26
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol
34
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol
33
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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