mbandhingaké Scandium lan calcium
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Sc
Ca
Panggil Group
3
15
2
16
Panggil periode
4
4
Block
d block
s pemblokiran
Family unsur
transisi Metal
alkalin bumi
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7440702
21
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Fm_ 3M
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
facts
Facts Interesting
- Scandium dikenal minangka salah siji saka unsur bumi.
- metal Scandium ditemokake ing mineral langka disebut wolframite.
- Calcium rangking Alexa 5th ing dhaftar turah mbrawah bumi persentasi.
- Iki urip ing negara senyawa.
- Gypsum utawa calcium sulfat digunakake minangka plester lan plester saka paris.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Humphry Davy
Discovery
ing taun 1879
ing taun 1808
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
7 * 10-3 %
3
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.007 %
4
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
18
1.10 %
4
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
23
5.00 %
3
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
5
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
1.40 %
1
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
Character length exceed error
Character length exceed error
Ulah Industrial
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industri Kimia
Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.01 Sang / mg dm-3
22
60.50 Sang / mg dm-3
4
ing Bone
0.00 ppm
34
170,000.00 ppm
1
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,539.00 ° C
24
839.00 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
2,832.00 ° C
35
1,484.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Gray
luster
lustrous
NA
atose
Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya
1.75
17
Brinell atose
750.00 MPa
12
170.00 MPa
99+
Kacepetan swara
ora Sumadhiya
3,810.00 m / s
19
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Sc
Ca
isotop
Isotop dikenal
13
26
19
20
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.36
29
1.00
99+
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
1.02
21
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.20
27
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.08
17
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.19
36
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
3.00
9
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
633.10 kJ / mol
99+
589.80 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 2
1,235.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
2,388.60 kJ / mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 4
7,090.60 kJ / mol
6
6,491.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 5th
8,843.00 kJ / mol
6
8,153.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 6th
10,679.00 kJ / mol
7
10,496.00 kJ / mol
8
tingkat Energy 7
13,310.00 kJ / mol
8
12,270.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 8
15,250.00 kJ / mol
11
14,206.00 kJ / mol
15
Level Energy 9
17,370.00 kJ / mol
14
18,191.00 kJ / mol
12
Level Energy 10th
21,726.00 kJ / mol
13
20,385.00 kJ / mol
16
Level Energy 11
24,102.00 kJ / mol
16
57,110.00 kJ / mol
3
Level Energy 12
66,320.00 kJ / mol
2
63,410.00 kJ / mol
3
Level Energy 13
73,010.00 kJ / mol
2
70,110.00 kJ / mol
3
Level Energy 14
80,160.00 kJ / mol
3
78,890.00 kJ / mol
4
Level Energy 15
89,490.00 kJ / mol
4
86,310.00 kJ / mol
5
Level Energy 16
97,400.00 kJ / mol
5
94,000.00 kJ / mol
6
Level Energy 17
105,600.00 kJ / mol
6
104,900.00 kJ / mol
7
Level Energy 18
117,000.00 kJ / mol
7
111,711.00 kJ / mol
8
Level Energy 19
124,270.00 kJ / mol
8
ora Sumadhiya
padha karo elektrokimia
0.56 g / amp-day
99+
0.75 g / amp-day
99+
Fungsi Work elektron
3.50 eV
31
2.87 eV
38
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
Kimia Stabilitas, Flammability, ionisasi, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
21
99+
20
99+
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 1 4s 2
[Ar] 4s 2
Struktur Crystal
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
21
99+
20
99+
Jumlah Neutron
24
99+
20
99+
Jumlah Èlèktron
21
99+
20
99+
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
162.00 pm
26
197.00 pm
6
kovalen Radius
170.00 pm
25
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
231.00 pm
19
Bobot atom
44.96 Amu
99+
40.08 Amu
99+
Volume atom
15.00 cm3 / mol
34
29.90 cm3 / mol
7
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
58.00 (-eV)
24
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
330.90 pm
99+
558.84 pm
9
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
1.59
7
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
2.99 g / cm 3
99+
1.55 g / cm 3
99+
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
2.80 g / cm3
99+
1.38 g / cm3
99+
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
25.50 (Pa)
3
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
29.10 GPA
24
7.40 GPA
99+
pengaturan akeh
56.60 GPA
21
17.00 GPA
99+
Young kang pengaturan
74.40 GPA
26
20.00 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.28
18
0.31
13
Properties Teknik liyane
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
2.99
99+
4.58
99+
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Arman
Arman
resistivity
562.00 nΩ · m
10
33.60 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.02 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
0.30 10 6 / cm Ω
6
elektron Affinity
18.10 kJ / mol
33
2.37 kJ / mol
39
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.60 J / (kg K)
8
0.63 J / (kg K)
7
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.52 J / mol · K
37
25.93 J / mol · K
34
doyo termal
15.80 W / m · K
99+
201.00 W / m · K
5
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
10.20 μm / (m · K)
39
22.30 μm / (m · K)
19
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
314.20 kJ / mol
28
150.00 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
14.10 kJ / mol
25
8.54 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
343.00 kJ / mol
28
184.00 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
34.60 J / mol.K
99+
41.60 J / mol.K
36
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