Yttrium vs Samarium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Sm
Group Number
3
15
Not Available
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440655
25
7440199
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1794
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
5 * 10-7 %
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
29
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
40
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Slightly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
1,072.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
1,900.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
441.00 MPa
27
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
412.00 MPa
24
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
2,130.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Sm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.17
40
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.07
32
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.83
14
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
2.70 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
62
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
62
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
88
39
Number of Electrons
39
99+
62
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
198.00 pm
13
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
229.00 pm
20
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
150.36 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
19.95 cm3/mol
19
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
44.80 (-eV)
37
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
362.10 pm
33
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
7.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
7.16 g/cm3
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
0.94 (Pa)
9
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
19.50 GPa
34
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
37.80 GPa
35
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
49.70 GPa
37
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
0.27
19
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
7.52
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
29.54 J/mol·K
7
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
13.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
8.62 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
69.60 J/mol.K
15
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