Calcium vs Titanium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca
Ti
Group Number
2
16
4
14
Period Number
4
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440702
21
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1808
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %
3
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %
4
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %
4
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %
3
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
5
0.00 %
15
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %
1
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C
99+
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C
99+
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.75
17
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa
99+
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00
99+
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95
24
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04
34
1.32
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08
17
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.03
39
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00
9
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV
38
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
20
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
20
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
20
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm
6
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm
22
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm
19
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol
7
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)
99+
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm
9
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3
99+
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa
99+
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa
99+
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa
99+
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.31
13
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.58
99+
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol
39
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K
34
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K
5
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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