Lithium vs Zirconium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
Zr
Group Number
1
17
4
14
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440677
23
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1817
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
51
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
39.00 J/mol.K
39
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