Lead vs Neptunium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb
Np
Group Number
14
4
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Actinide
CAS Number
7439921
99+
7439998
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Pnma
Space Group Number
225.00
2
62.00
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Not Available
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
In 1940
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %
18
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
23
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
8
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.
10
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C
99+
640.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C
99+
3,902.00 °C
13
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb
Np
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87
13
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29
4
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55
11
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41
2
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
8
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol
31
604.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
1,997.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
3,242.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
1.77 g/amp-hr
39
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV
21
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82
34
93
25
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
82
34
93
25
Number of Neutrons
125
19
144
14
Number of Electrons
82
34
93
25
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm
19
155.00 pm
30
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm
27
221.00 pm
22
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu
30
237.00 amu
22
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol
27
11.62 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)
99+
96.00 (-eV)
9
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm
16
666.30 pm
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3
33
19.38 g/cm3
14
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3
15
Not Available
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa
20
125.00 MPa
14
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.11 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa
24
Not Available
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.44
3
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
11.35
25
20.25
6
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m
16
1.22 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K
26
29.46 J/mol·K
8
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K
38
6.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
3.20 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K
17
Not Available
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