Simbol
Hf
Număr grup
4
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
perioada Număr
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
bloc
d block
Element de familie
metal de tranziție
Numărul CAS
7440586
Rank: 30 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Nume grup spațiu
P63 / mmc
Număr spațiu grup
194,00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Fapte interesante
- Hafniu metal este extrem de reactiv, prin urmare, nu a fost găsit liber în natură.
- de metal hafniu ca dupa predicated Mendeleev a terminat masa lui periodic.
surse
Produsul secundar Zirconiu Rafinare
Istorie
care a descoperit
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Descoperire
în 1922
Abundenţă
Abundenței În Universul
0,00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundenței În Soare
0,00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundenței În Meteoriți
0,00 %
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundenței în scoarța Pământului
0,00 %
Rank: 31 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundenței în oceanele
0,00 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundenței la om
0,00 %
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Utilizări și beneficii
- Are capacitatea de a absorbi neutronii și, prin urmare, este folosit pentru a fabrica bare de control în submarinele nucleare. Și acest metal este folosit și în torțele de sudură cu plasmă.
- Aliajele sale cu fier, titan și niobiu sunt foarte utile.
Utilizări industriale
industria de muniție
Utilizări medicale
-
alte utilizări
Aliaje, În reactoarele nucleare, Cercetarea nucleară, Scopuri de cercetare
Proprietățile biologice
Toxicitate
Toxic
Prezent în corpul uman
Nu
in Blood
0,00 Sânge / mg dm-3
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
in Bone
0,00 ppm
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Punct de topire
2.150,00 ° C
Rank: 10 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Punct de fierbere
5.400,00 ° C
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Aspect
Stare fizică
Solid
Culoare
Gri
Luciu
Metalic
Duritate
Mohs Duritate
5,50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Duritatea Brinell
1.450,00 MPa
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Duritatea Vickers
1.520,00 MPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Viteza sunetului
3.010,00 Domnișoară
Rank: 39 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Proprietăți optice
Indicele de refractie
2,00
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
reflexiei
71,00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
forme alotropice
Nu
alfa forme alotropice
-
p forme alotropice
-
y forme alotropice
-
Formula chimica
Hf
izotopii
Izotopi cunoscute
32
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativitate
Pauling Electronegativitate
1,30
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativitate
1,30
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativitate
1,23
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativitate
1,30
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativitate
1,16
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2,70
Rank: 22 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Energiile ionizarea
Primul nivel de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
Nivelul 2 Energie
1.440,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Level Energy
2.250,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4a Nivel de energie
3.216,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 73 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
A 5 Nivel de energie
6.585,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
A 6 Nivel de energie
6.585,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
Nivelul de energie al 7-lea
6.580,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
A 8-Level Energy
6.580,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
Al 9-lea nivel de energie
6.585,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
A 10 Nivel de energie
6.590,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11 Nivelul de energie
6.585,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12 Nivelul de energie
6.580,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13 Nivel de energie
6.580,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14 Nivel de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 83 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15 Nivel de energie
65.800,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 77 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18 Nivelul de energie
6.585,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19 Nivel de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 42 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20 Nivelul de energie
658,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22 Nivelul de energie
658,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25 Nivelul de energie
658,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29 Nivelul de energie
658,50 kJ / mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30 Nivelul de energie
658,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
echivalent electrochimică
1,66 g / amp-hr
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Funcția de electroni de lucru
3,90 eV
Rank: 36 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Celelalte proprietăți chimice
anti coroziune, ionizarea, Izotopii radioactivi, Solubilitate
Numar atomic
72
Rank: 44 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Configuratie electronica
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Structura de cristal
Hexagonala Închide Ambalat (HCP)
rețelei de cristal
Atom
Numărul de Protonii
72
Rank: 43 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Numărul de Neutronii
106
Rank: 30 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Numărul de Electronii
72
Rank: 43 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Raza unui Atom
Raza atomică
159,00 p.m
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Raza covalentă
175,00 p.m
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Raza
200,00 p.m
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Greutate atomica
178,49 amu
Rank: 39 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
volum atomic
13,60 cm3 / mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Numere atomice adiacente
Elementul precedent
Elementul următor
Valence Electron Potential
81,00 (-EV)
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Constant zabrele
319,64 p.m
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
zabrele Unghiuri
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
C latice / A Ratio
1,58
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Densitate
Densitatea la temperatura camerei
13,31 g / cm3
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Densitate Când lichid (la mp)
12,00 g / cm3
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Rezistență la tracțiune
445,00 MPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscozitate
0,00
Rank: 28 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Presiunea de vapori
Presiunea de vapori la 1000 K
0,00 (Pa)
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Presiunea de vapori la 2000 K
0,00 (Pa)
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Proprietățile elasticitate
shear Modulus
30,00 GPa
Rank: 27 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Modulus în vrac
110,00 GPa
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Modulul lui Young
78,00 GPa
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
poisson Raportul
0,37
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Alte proprietăți mecanice
Ductil, Maleabil
Caracteristici magnetice
Gravitație specifică
13,31
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Comenzi magnetice
paramagnetic
Permeabilitate
0,00 H / m
Rank: 9 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibil
0,00
Rank: 13 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Proprietăți electrice
Domeniul imobilier electrice
Conductor
Rezistivitatea
331,00 nΩ · m
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Conductivitate electrică
0,03 10 6 / cm Ω
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
electron afinitate
0,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Căldura specifică
0,14 J / (kg K)
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molara Capacitatea de căldură
25,73 J / mol · K
Rank: 45 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Conductivitate termică
23,00 W / m · K
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Temperatura critică
2.500,00 K
Rank: 11 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Expansiunea termică
5,90 pm / (m · K)
Rank: 69 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
entalpia
Entalpia de Vaporizarea
661,10 kJ / mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Entalpie Fusion
25,10 kJ / mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Entalpie de atomizare
703,00 kJ / mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
43,60 J / mol.K
Rank: 46 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻