Indium vs Aluminium
Periodic Table
Symbol
In
Al
Group Number
13
5
13
5
Period Number
5
3
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440746
17
7429905
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Hans Christian Oersted
Discovery
In 1863
In 1825
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %
28
5 * 10-3 %
5
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %
23
~0.006 %
5
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.91 %
5
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
8.10 %
1
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
6
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
In Bone
Not Available
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C
99+
660.37 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C
99+
2,467.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.20
20
2.75
13
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa
99+
160.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
160.00 MPa
35
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s
99+
5,000.00 m/s
10
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
71.00 %
10
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In
Al
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
11
27
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78
16
1.61
22
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14
8
1.71
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49
13
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76
10
1.83
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.66
18
1.61
20
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22
38
2.39
32
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
5th Energy Level
Not Available
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
7th Energy level
Not Available
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
8th Energy Level
Not Available
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
10th Energy Level
Not Available
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
11th Energy Level
Not Available
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV
24
4.28 eV
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49
99+
13
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
49
99+
13
99+
Number of Neutrons
66
99+
14
99+
Number of Electrons
49
99+
13
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm
24
143.00 pm
37
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
121.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm
31
184.00 pm
34
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu
99+
26.98 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol
33
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)
25
80.70 (-eV)
17
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm
99+
404.95 pm
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3
99+
2.70 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3
33
2.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa
21
40.00 MPa
19
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)
11
0.00 (Pa)
18
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
26.00 GPa
29
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
76.00 GPa
18
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
70.00 GPa
28
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.35
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
2.72
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
4
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
3
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m
34
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
42.50 kJ/mol
26
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K
21
237.00 W/m·K
4
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol
40
293.70 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
10.67 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
322.20 kJ/mol
31
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K
22
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
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